Hot-air Baloon

App F: Demographic Factors and SHAQ Outcomes

Appendix F: SHAQ Demographic Variables Relationship to Emotional and Success Outcome Variables

Tom G. Stevens PhD
Psychologist/Professor Emeritus, California State University, Long Beach
Send Feedback/Questions to: Tom.Stevens@csulb.edu
 
 
You Can Choose To Be Happy:
Site dedicated to enhancing human happiness, self-development, and success
SITE MAP: All free Self-help resources includes online book, You Can Choose To Be Happy, and SHAQ

 
Photo of Dr Tom and Sherry Stevens
search index brief sitemap advanced site search
search engine by freefind
 

APPENDIX F:

Demographic Factors and SHAQ Outcomes

Sex. The only significant findings were that females were a little happier (r =.09)[40] and had better relationships (r =.15) while males had higher incomes (r =.18).

Age.  Higher age was mildly related to both low anxiety (r =.11) and low anger (r =.13). I didn’t find a significant age-happiness correlation as some have. However, I found that people over 50 were slightly happier (r =.05). I also found significant relationships between being older and low depression (r =.05), low anxiety (r =.11), and low anger (r =.13). Age was one of the best predictors of income (r =.45); probably because students and younger people have not had time to advance in their careers. Similarly, higher age related to education completed (r =.25). Age was negatively related to health (r = -.07) and was not related to relationship outcomes.

Religion.  Belonging to a particular religious group was only weakly related to outcome variables. Being Jewish (r =.06) or Methodist (r =.05) correlated the highest with happiness; being agnostic was most negatively related (r = -.09). Fundamentalist Non-Baptists were slightly less depressed (r =.08) and less anxious (r =.07) than other people. There were few other significant correlations. However, looking at values typically associated with religions, paints a different picture. Correlations with happiness, low depression, low anger, and low anxiety for Spiritual intimacy were .26, .12, and .05; for Giving to others’ happiness, were .36, .14, and .11; for Impact, change world, were .27, .12, and .09; for Obedience to God, were .23, .11, and .02ns[41]; and for Religion, were .28, .06, and .02ns. Thus, internalized values espoused by religions were important factors. This finding is consistent with other studies showing that the positive effects of religion are present primarily for people who internalize the teachings.

Ethnic group and nationality. Other Asian[42] (r =.08) and Mexican (r =.08) had highest positive correlations with happiness; European had the most negative (r = -.05. People who spoke other European[43] languages were unhappy (r = -.11).  German (r = -.09) and other European (r = -.13) speaking people had higher anger/aggression scores. Depression was slightly less (r =.07) among Chinese language and other Asian (r =.07), but was mostly unrelated to language, ethnicity, or religion.

Occupational category. Students (r =.08), people professionals (r =.08), educators (r =.07), and managers (r =.06) were the happiest; only other occupation had a negative correlation (r = -.06).  Others were also the most depressed (r = -.06) and least healthy (r = -.08).  While students were the happiest, they were also the most anxious (r = -.07) and the healthiest (r =.08) of the occupational groups.


 

The BOOK (free download): Go to Contents of Dr. Stevens'  book,  You Can Choose To Be Happy: "Rise Above" Anxiety, Anger, and Depression.

SELF-HELP INFORMATION: 
FREE SELF-HELP materials available on this web site (click here to see list)  

ORDERING the BOOK:
  How to ORDER You Can Choose To Be Happy  

SHAQ QUESTIONNAIRE: Free
Success and Happiness Attributes Questionnaire (SHAQ)  to assess self on many factors  including HQ-Happiness Quotient 

EMAIL DR. STEVENS:
Email feedback to Dr. Stevens tstevens@csulb.edu I welcome your comments about my web site or any of its contents.           

Self-Help and other resources on this website (and site map)


Web site created and maintained by: Tom G. Stevens PhD Psychologist-Faculty Emeritus,
California State University, Long Beach Counseling and Psychological Services.
URL of this web site: http://home.csulb.edu/~tstevens

 HOME PAGE:
Return to Dr. Stevens' Home Page

Copyright 2024 Tom G. Stevens PhD