Conclusions: Parallels among
FEMA & Katrina/Rita, NASA & Columbia, FBI & 9/11

Managerialist pressures shifted agencies' attention from the precautionary principle to the opportunity costs of risk identification, mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery
Hierarchies developed with confusing and broken chains of command
Risk assessment messages have high social and spatial filters to overcome on their way up to risk management policy decision-makers
Managerialism encourages the normalization of serious anomalies, amplified here by incompetent cronyism
High reliability organizations can degenerate into normal accident organizations under managerialist pressures
Clearing the path of risk messages up and down an institutional hierarchy is critical to human safety
The balance between the precautionary principle and easing the opportunity costs of regulation through de minimis formulations is a policy choice best made explicitly