DOS Command Index
NOTE:
The complete index to DOS commands can be found at
www.easydos.com
This information is from the book DOS the Easy Way
CLICK HERE For more information
Select the command name for complete information about that command and examples of its
use.
APPEND
(External)
APPEND ;
APPEND [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
APPEND [/X:on|off][/path:on|off] [/E]
Displays or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the
specified
path(s) if the file is not found in the current path.
ASSIGN
(External)
ASSIGN x=y [...] /sta
Redirects disk drive requests to a different drive.
ATTRIB
(External)
ATTRIB [d:][path]filename [/S]
ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H] [d:][path]filename [/S]
Sets or displays the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes of
a file
or directory.
BACKUP
(External)
BACKUP d:[path][filename] d:[/S][/M][/A][/F:(size)] [/P][/D:date]
[/T:time]
[/L:[path]filename]
Makes a backup copy of one or more files. (In DOS Version 6, this
program is
stored on the DOS supplemental disk.)
BREAK
(Internal)
BREAK =on|off
Used from the DOS prompt or in a batch file or in the CONFIG.SYS file to
set (or
display) whether or not DOS should check for a Ctrl + Break key
combination.
BUFFERS
(Internal)
BUFFERS=(number),(read-ahead number)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of disk buffers (number)
that will
be available for use during data input. Also used to set a value for the
number
of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data input
operations.
CALL
(Internal)
CALL [d:][path]batchfilename [options]
Calls another batch file and then returns to current batch file to
continue.
CHCP
(Internal)
CHCP (codepage)
Displays the current code page or changes the code page that DOS will
use.
CHDIR
(Internal)
CHDIR (CD) [d:]path
CHDIR (CD)[..]
Displays working (current) directory and/or changes to a different
directory.
CHKDSK
(External)
CHKDSK [d:][path][filename] [/F][/V]
Checks a disk and provides a file and memory status report.
CHOICE
(Internal)
CHOICE [/C[:]keys] [/N][/S][/T[:]c,nn] [text]
Used to provide a prompt so that a user can make a choice while a batch
program
is running.
CLS (Clear
Screen)
(Internal)
CLS
Clears (erases) the screen.
COMMAND
(External)
COMMAND [d:][path] [device] [/P][/E:(size)] [/MSG][/Y [/C
(command)|/K
(command)]
Starts a new version of the DOS command processor (the program that loads
the
DOS Internal programs).
COMP
(External)
COMP [d:][path][filename] [d:][path][filename]
[/A][/C][/D][/L][/N:(number)]
Compares two groups of files to find information that does not match.
(See FC
command).
COPY
(Internal)
COPY [/Y|-Y] [/A][/B] [d:][path]filename [/A][/B]
[d:][path][filename]
[/V]
or
COPY [/Y|-Y][/A][/B]
[d:][path]filename+[d:][path]filename[...][d:][path][filename] [/V]
Copies and appends files.
COUNTRY
(Internal)
COUNTRY=country code,[code page][,][d:][filename]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS to use country-specific text
conventions
during processing.
CTTY
(Internal)
CTTY (device)
Changes the standard I/O (Input/Output) device to an auxiliary device.
DATE
(Internal)
DATE mm-dd-yy
Displays and/or sets the system date.
DBLSPACE
(External)
DBLSPACE / automount=drives
DBLSPACE /chkdsk [/F] [d:]
DBLSPACE /compress d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/F]
DBLSPACE /create d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/size=size]
DBLSPACE /defragment [d:] ]/F]
DBLSPACE /delete d:
DBLSPACE /doubleguard=0|1
DBLSPACE /format d:
DBLSPACE [/info] [d:]
DBLSPACE /list
DBLSPACE /mount[=nnn] host: [/newdrive=d:]
DBLSPACE /ratio[=ratio] [d:] [/all]
DBLSPACE /size[=size] [/reserve=size] d:
DBLSPACE /uncompress d:
DBLSPACE /unmount [d:]
A program available with DOS 6.0 that allows you to compress information
on a
disk.
DEBUG
(External)
DEBUG [pathname] [parameters]
An MS-DOS utility used to test and edit programs.
DEFRAG
(External)
DEFRAG [d:] [/F][/S[:]order] [/B][/skiphigh [/LCD|/BW|/GO] [/H]
DEFRAG [d:] [/V][/B][/skiphigh] [/LCD]|/BW|/GO] [/H]
Optimizes disk performance by reorganizing the files on the disk.
DEL
(ERASE)
(Internal)
DEL (ERASE) [d:][path]filename [/P]
Deletes (erases) files from disk.
DELOLDOS
(External)
DELOLDOS [/B]
Deletes all files from previous versions of DOS after a 5.0 or 6.0
installation.
DELTREE
(External)
DELTREE [/Y] [d:]path [d:]path[...]
Deletes (erases) a directory including all files and subdirectories that
are in
it.
DEVICE
(Internal)
DEVICE=(driver name)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver to load.
DEVICEHIGH
(Internal)
DEVICEHIGH=(driver name)
Like DEVICE, DEVICEHIGH is used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which
device
driver software to use for devices; however, this option is used to
install the
device driver into the upper memory area.
DIR
(Internal)
DIR [d:][path][filename] [/A:(attributes)] [/O:(order)]
[/B][/C][/CH][/L][/S][/P][/W]
Displays directory of files and directories stored on disk.
DISKCOMP
(External)
DISKCOMP [d:] [d:][/1][/8]
Compares the contents of two diskettes.
DISKCOPY
(External)
DISKCOPY [d:] [d:][/1][/V][/M]
Makes an exact copy of a diskette.
DOS
(Internal)
DOS=[high|low],[umb|noumb]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the memory location for DOS. It
is used
to load DOS into the upper memory area and to specify whether or not the
upper
memory blocks will be used.
DOSKEY
(External)
DOSKEY [reinstall]
[/bufsize=size][/macros][/history][/insert|/overstrike]
[macroname=[text]]
Loads the Doskey program into memory which can be used to recall DOS
commands so
that you can edit them.
DOSSHELL
(External)
DOSSHELL [/B] [/G:[resolution][n]]|[/T:[resolution][n]]
Initiates the graphic shell program using the specified screen
resolution.
DRIVPARM
(Internal)
DRIVPARM= /D:(number) [/C] [/F:(form factor)] [/H:(number)] [/I][
/N][/S:(number)] [/T:(tracks)]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set parameters for a disk drive.
ECHO
(Internal)
ECHO on|off
ECHO (message)
Displays messages or turns on or off the display of commands in a batch
file.
EDIT
(External)
EDIT [d:][path]filename [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Starts the MS-DOS editor, a text editor used to create and edit ASCII
text
files.
EMM386
(External)
EMM386 [on|off|auto] [w=on|off]
Enables or disables EMM386 expanded-memory support on a computer with an
80386
or higher processor.
EXE2BIN
(External)
EXE2BIN [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format.
EXIT
(Internal)
EXIT
Exits a secondary command processor.
EXPAND
(External)
EXPAND [d:][path]filename [[d:][path]filename[ . . .]]
Expands a compressed file.
FASTHELP
(External)
FASTHELP [command][command] /?
Displays a list of DOS commands with a brief explanation of each.
FASTOPEN
(External)
FASTOPEN d:[=n][/X]
Keeps track of the locations of files for fast access.
FC
(External)
FC [/A][/C][/L][/Lb n][/N][/T][/W][number] [d:][path]filename
[d:][path]filename
or (for binary comparisons)
FC [/B][/number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Displays the differences between two files or sets of files.
FCBS
(Internal)
FCBS=(number)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the number of file-control blocks
for
file sharing.
FDISK
(External)
FDISK [/status]
Prepares a fixed disk to accept DOS files for storage.
FILES
(Internal)
FILES=(number)
Used in the CONFIG.Sys file to specify the maximum number of files that
can be
open at the same time.
FIND
(External)
FIND [/V][/C][/I][/N] ÒstringÓ [d:][path]filename[...]
Finds and reports the location of a specific string of text characters in
one or
more files.
FOR
(Internal)
FOR %%(variable) IN (set) DO (command)
or (for interactive processing)
FOR %(variable) IN (set) DO (command)
Performs repeated execution of commands (for both batch processing and
interactive processing).
FORMAT
(External)
FORMAT d:[/1][/4][/8][/F:(size)] [/N:(sectors)]
[/T:(tracks)][/B|/S][/C][/V:(label)] [/Q][/U][/V]
Formats a disk to accept DOS files.
GOTO
(Internal)
GOTO (label)
Causes unconditional branch to the specified label.
GRAFTABL
(External)
GRAFTABL [(code page)]
GRAFTABL [status]
Loads a table of character data into memory (for use with a
color/graphics
adapter).
GRAPHICS
(External)
GRAPHICS [printer type][profile] [/B][/R][/LCD][/PB:(id)]
[/C][/F][/P(port)]
Provides a way to print contents of a graphics screen display.
HELP
(External)
HELP [command] [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Displays information about a DOS command.
IF
(Internal)
IF [NOT] EXIST filename (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] (string1)==(string2) (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL (number) (command) [parameters]
Allows for conditional operations in batch processing.
INCLUDE
(Internal)
INCLUDE= blockname
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to allow you to use the commands from one
CONFIG.SYS
block within another.
INSTALL
(Internal)
INSTALL=[d: ][\path]filename [parameters]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to load memory-resident programs into
conventional
memory.
INTERLINK
(External)
INTERLINK [client[:]=[server][:]]
Connects two computers via parallel or serial ports so that the computers
can
share disks and printer ports.
INTERSVR
(External)
INTERSVR [d:][...][/X=d:][...] [/LPT:[n|address]]
[/COM:[n|address]][/baud:rate] [/B][/V]
INTERSVR /RCOPY
Starts the Interlink server.
JOIN
(External)
JOIN d: [d:path]
JOIN d: [/D]
Allows access to the directory structure and files of a drive through a
directory on a different drive.
KEYB
(External)
KEYB [xx][,][yyy][,][d:][path]filename [/E][/ID:(number)]
Loads a program that replaces the support program for U. S. keyboards.
LABEL
(External)
LABEL [d:][volume label]
Creates or changes or deletes a volume label for a disk.
LASTDRIVE
(Internal)
LASTDRIVE=(drive letter)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the maximum number of drives that can
be
accessed.
LOADFIX
(Internal)
LOADFIX [d:][path]filename [parameters]
Ensures that a program is loaded above the first 64K of conventional
memory, and
runs the program.
LOADHIGH
(Internal)
LOADHIGH (LH) [d:][path]filename [parameters]
Loads memory resident application into reserved area of memory (between
640K-1M).
MEM
(External)
MEM [/program|/debug|/classify|/free|/module(name)] [/page]
Displays amount of installed and available memory, including extended,
expanded,
and upper memory.
MEMMAKER
(External)
MEMMAKER [/B][/batch][/session][/swap:d] [/T][/undo][/W:size1,size2]
Starts the MemMaker program, a program that lets you optimize your
computer's
memory.
MENUCOLOR
(Internal)
MENUCOLOR=textcolor,[background]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the colors that will be used by DOS to
display text on the screen.
MENUDEFAULT
(Internal)
MENUDEFAULT=blockname, [timeout]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the startup configuration that will be
used
by DOS if no key is pressed within the specified timeout period.
MENUITEM
(Internal)
MENUITEM=blockname, [menutext]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a start-up menu from which you can
select
a group of CONFIG.SYS commands to be processed upon reboot.
MIRROR
(External)
MIRROR [d:]path [d:] path [...]
MIRROR [d1:][d2:][...] [/T(drive)(files)] [/partn][/U][/1]
Saves disk storage information that can be used to recover accidentally
erased
files.
MKDIR
(MD)
(Internal)
MKDIR (MD) [d:]path
Creates a new subdirectory.
MODE
(External)
MODE n
MODE LPT#[:][n][,][m][,][P][retry]
MODE [n],m[,T]
MODE (displaytype,linetotal)
MODE COMn[:]baud[,][parity][,][databits][,][stopbits][,][retry]
MODE LPT#[:]=COMn [retry]
MODE CON[RATE=(number)][DELAY=(number)]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage list) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE SELECT=(codepage)
MODE (device) CODEPAGE [/STATUS]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE REFRESH
Sets mode of operation for devices or communications.
MORE
(External)
MORE < (filename or command)
(name)|MORE
Sends output to console, one screen at a time.
MOVE
(Internal)
MOVE [/Y|/-Y] [d:][path]filename[,[d:][path]filename[...]] destination
Moves one or more files to the location you specify. Can also be used to
rename
directories.
MSAV
(External)
MSAV [d:] [/S|/C][/R][/A][/L][/N][/P][/F][/video][/mouse]
MSAV /video
Scans your computer for known viruses.
MSBACKUP
(External)
MSBACKUP [setupfile] [/BW|/LCD|/MDA]
Used to backup or restore one or more files from one disk to another.
MSCDEX
(External)
MSCDEX /D:driver [/D:driver2. . .] [/E][/K][/S][/V][/L:letter]
[/M:number]
Used to gain access to CD-ROM drives (new with DOS Version 6).
MSD
(External)
MSD [/B][/I]
MSD [/I] [/F[d:][path]filename [/P[d:][path]filename
[/S[d:][path]filename
Provides detailed technical information about your computer.
NLSFUNC
(External)
NLSFUNC [d:][path]filename
Used to load a file with country-specific information.
NUMLOCK
(Internal)
NUMLOCK=on|off
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the state of the NumLock key.
PATH
(Internal)
PATH;
PATH [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
Sets or displays directories that will be searched for programs not in
the
current directory.
PAUSE
(Internal)
PAUSE [comment]
Suspends execution of a batch file until a key is pressed.
POWER
(External)
POWER [adv:max|reg|min]|std|off]
Used to turn power management on and off, report the status of power
management,
and set levels of power conservation.
PRINT
(External)
PRINT [/B:(buffersize)] [/D:(device)] [/M:(maxtick)] [/Q:(value]
[/S:(timeslice)][/U:(busytick)] [/C][/P][/T] [d:][path][filename]
[...]
Queues and prints data files.
PROMPT
(Internal)
PROMPT [prompt text] [options]
Changes the DOS command prompt.
RECOVER
(External)
RECOVER [d:][path]filename
RECOVER d:
Resolves sector problems on a file or a disk. (Beginning with DOS
Version 6,
RECOVER is no longer available ).
REM
(Internal)
REM [comment]
Used in batch files and in the CONFIG.SYS file to insert remarks (that
will not
be acted on).
RENAME (REN)
(Internal)
RENAME (REN) [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Changes the filename under which a file is stored.
REPLACE
(External)
REPLACE [d:][path]filename [d:][path] [/A][/P][/R][/S][/U][/W]
Replaces stored files with files of the same name from a different
storage
location.
RESTORE
(External)
RESTORE d: [d:][path]filename [/P][/S][/B:mm-dd-yy]
[/A:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm:ss] [/L:hh:mm:ss] [/M][/N][/D]
Restores to standard disk storage format files previously stored using
the
BACKUP command.
RMDIR (RD)
(Internal)
RMDIR (RD) [d:]path
Removes a subdirectory.
SCANDISK
(External)
SCANDISK [d: [d: . .
.]|/all][/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/surface][/mono][/nosummay]
SCANDISK
volume-name[/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/mono][/nosummary]
SCANDISK /fragment [d:][path]filename
SCANDISK /undo [undo-d:][/mono]
Starts the Microsoft ScanDisk program which is a disk analysis and repair
tool
used to check a drive for errors and correct any problems that it finds.
SELECT
(External)
SELECT [d:] [d:][path] [country code][keyboard code]
Formats a disk and installs country-specific information and keyboard
codes
(starting with DOS Version 6, this command is no longer available).
SET
(Internal)
SET (string1)=(string2)
Inserts strings into the command environment. The set values can be used
later
by programs.
SETVER
(External)
SETVER [d:]:path][filename (number)][/delete][/quiet]
Displays the version table and sets the version of DOS that is reported
to
programs.
SHARE
(External)
SHARE [/F:space] [/L:locks]
Installs support for file sharing and file locking.
SHELL
(Internal)
SHELL=[d:][path]filename [parameters]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the command interpreter that DOS
should
use.
SHIFT
(Internal)
SHIFT
Increases number of replaceable parameters to more than the standard ten
for use
in batch files.
SORT
(External)
SORT [/R][/+n] < (filename)
SORT [/R][/+n] > (filename2)
Sorts input and sends it to the screen or to a file.
STACKS
(Internal)
STACKS=(number),(size)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of stack frames and the
size of
each stack frame.
SUBMENU
(Internal)
SUBMENU=blockname, [menutext]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a multilevel menu from which you
can
select start-up options.
SUBST
(External)
SUBST d: d:path
SUBST d: /D
Substitutes a virtual drive letter for a path designation.
SWITCHES
(Internal)
SWITCHES= [/K][/F][/N][/W]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to configure DOS in a special way; for
example, to
tell DOS to emulate different hardware configurations.
SYS
(External)
SYS [source] d:
Transfers the operating system files to another disk.
TIME
(Internal)
TIME hh:mm[:ss][.cc][A|P]
Displays current time setting of system clock and provides a way for you
to
reset the time.
TREE
(External)
TREE [d:][path] [/A][/F]
Displays directory paths and (optionally) files in each subdirectory.
TYPE
(Internal)
TYPE [d:][path]filename
Displays the contents of a file.
UNDELETE
(External)
UNDELETE [d:][path][filename] [/DT|/DS|/DOS]
UNDELETE
[/list|/all|/purge[d:]|/status|/load|/U|/S[d:]|/Td:[-entries]]
Restores files deleted with the DELETE command.
UNFORMAT
(External)
UNFORMAT d: [/J][/L][/test][/partn][/P][/U]
Used to undo the effects of formatting a disk.
VER
(Internal)
VER
Displays the DOS version number.
VERIFY
(Internal)
VERIFY on|off
Turns on the verify mode; the program checks all copying operations to
assure
that files are copied correctly.
VOL
(Internal)
VOL [d:]
Displays a disk's volume label.
VSAFE
(External)
VSAFE [/option[+|-]...] [/NE][/NX][Ax|/Cx] [/N][/D][/U]
VSAFE is a memory-resident program that continuously monitors your
computer for
viruses and displays a warning when it finds one.
XCOPY
(External)
XCOPY [d:][path]filename [d:][path][filename] [/A][/D:(date)]
[/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W][Y\-Y]
Copies directories, subdirectories, and files.
Syntax Notes
To be functional, each DOS command must be entered in a particular way:
this
command entry structure is known as the command's "syntax." The syntax
"notation" is a way to reproduce the command syntax in print.
For example, you can determine the items that are optional, by looking
for
information that is printed inside square brackets. The notation [d:],
for
example, indicates an optional drive designation. The command syntax, on
the
other hand, is how YOU enter the command to make it work.
Command Syntax Elements
1. Command Name
The DOS command name is the name you enter to start the DOS program (a
few of
the DOS commands can be entered using shortcut names). The DOS command
name is
always entered first. In this book, the command is usually printed in
uppercase
letters, but you can enter command names as either lowercase or uppercase
or a
mix of both.
2. Space
Always leave a space after the command name.
3. Drive Designation
The drive designation (abbreviated in this book as "d:") is an option for
many
DOS commands. However, some commands are not related to disk drives and
therefore do not require a drive designation. Whenever you enter a DOS
command
that deals with disk drives and you are already working in the drive in
question, you do not have to enter the drive designator. For example, if
you
are working in drive A (when the DOS prompt A> is showing at the left
side of
the screen) and you want to use the DIR command to display a directory
listing
of that same drive, you do not have to enter the drive designation. If
you do
not enter a drive designation, DOS always assumes you are referring to
the drive
you are currently working in (sometimes called the "default" drive).
4. A Colon
When referring to a drive in a DOS command, you must always follow the
drive
designator with a colon (:) (this is how DOS recognizes it as a drive
designation).
5. Pathname
A pathname (path) refers to the path you want DOS to follow in order to
act on
the DOS command. As described in Chapter 3, it indicates the path from
the
current directory or subdirectory to the files that are to be acted upon.
6. Filename
A filename is the name of a file stored on disk. As described in Chapter
1, a
filename can be of eight or fewer letters or other legal characters.
7. Filename Extension
A filename extension can follow the filename to further identify it. The
extension follows a period and can be of three or fewer characters. A
filename
extension is not required.
8. Switches
Characters shown in a command syntax that are represented by a letter or
number
and preceded by a forward slash (for example, "/P") are command options
(sometimes known as "switches"). Use of these options activate special
operations as part of a DOS command's functions.
9. Brackets
Items enclosed in square brackets are optional; in other words, the
command will
work in its basic form without entering the information contained inside
the
brackets.
10. Ellipses
Ellipses (...) indicate that an item in a command syntax can be repeated
as many
times as needed.
11. Vertical Bar
When items are separated by a vertical bar (|), it means that you enter
one of
the separated items. For example: ON | OFF means that you can enter
either ON
or OFF, but not both.
This information is from the book DOS the Easy Way
CLICK HERE For more information
Design, text, and graphics copyright 1994 - 1024 by Everett
Murdock.